In the response phase the most important step is to assess disaster after occurrence. By disaster Assessment, we can obtain all the needed information for controlling, decision-making and also disaster planning. Lack of disaster Assessment causes you to make unsuitable decisions based on limited or inadequate data which leads to imperfect disaster response. According to IFRC, disaster response operation will have an unsuitable function without disaster Assessment. This paper presents the principles and concepts of disaster Assessment.

The idea that Science is objective, or able to achieve objectivity, is in large part responsible for the role that Science plays within society. But what is objectivity? The idea of objectivity is ambiguous. This paper distinguishes between three basic forms of objectivity. The first form of objectivity is ontological objectivity: the world as it is in itself does not depend upon what we think about it; it is independent of human thought, language, conceptual activity or experience. The second form of objectivity is the objectivity of truth: truth does not depend upon what we believe or justifiably believe; truth depends upon the way reality itself is. The third form of objectivity is epistemic objectivity: this form of objectivity resides in the scientific method which ensures that subjective factors are excluded, and only epistemically relevant factors play a role in scientific inquiry. The paper considers two problems that arise for the notion of epistemic objectivity: the theory-dependence of observation and the variability of the methods of Science. It is argued that the use of shared standard procedures ensures the objectivity of observation despite theory-dependence. It is argued that the variability of methods need not lead to an epistemic relativism about Science. The paper concludes with the realist suggestion that the best explanation of the success of the Sciences is that the methods employed in the Sciences are highly reliable truth-conducive tools of inquiry. The objectivity of the methods of the Sciences leads to the objective truth about the objective world.

The Abrahamic religions include the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All of these religions consider Abraham as their ancestor, and they consider Science to be the knowledge of the universe and humanity, which are divine revelations. The framework of Science in the Abrahamic religions uses three basic concepts: 1) monotheism (as a fundamental principle, a single and all-encompassing Divine vision) 2) the universe (as a divine creation) 3) Science (as an all-encompassing knowledge about the world as the sign of God). The purpose of writing this paper is to find the common principles governing Science among Abrahamic religions, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources. The results of this research is an intellectual attempt to draw on the commonalities between various Abrahamic religions in the areas of constructive dialogue in the field of globalization, based on revelatory and spiritual teachings, to achieve the unification of the world, which is one of the divine promises and is rooted in the natural foundations of humanity.

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the amount of attention to validity Assessment process of research tools, by reviewing the articles published in knowledge & information Science journals in Iran over past 10 years. In this research, articles of 8 Persian scientific and research journals in the field of knowledge & information Science in Iran, published between 2006 to 2015, were analyzed in a content analysis method. In total, 1763 research articles related to 211 issues of journals were analyzed and research tools and methods for determining the validity of research tools investigated. According to research findings, there was no reference to validity of research tools in 36. 87% of reviewed articles. In 23. 22% of articles, only validity of research tools was confirmed but the method and procedure for determining validity were not mentioned. In 4. 31% of articles, researchers stated that validity of research tools was confirmed in previous studies and therefore they did not consider the validity. In 375 articles (32. 38%), the method of determining validity of tools was mentioned. In terms of the methods used to measure validity of tools, results indicated that 16. 66% of articles evaluated their tool validity by face validity and 20. 30% by content validity method. Of other types of validity, the criterion validity was lowest, and only 2 articles (0. 17%) used this method to assess validity of their tools. 5. 26% of articles also used construct validity, which has highest level of validity. Also, results showed that a very small number of journals in the research population have published articles related to psychometrics of research tools. Therefore, the knowledge & information Science journals are required to pay more attention to publish articles related to validity Assessment of research tools for more familiarity with this process and its importance in designing tools by researchers. Also, journals in this area should be more sensitive on report of validity Assessment process of research tools in the methodology section of articles in the process of reviewing articles.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on Science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, Science and technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As Science and technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If Science and technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.

In the past two decades caries risk prediction has been and important subject for investigators. Caries risk Assessment is an effective method for the prediction of future caries. By CRA the high-risk groups are determined. Then the prevention programs in relation to high-risk groups, be perform. This article is the results of a research project which has been performed by the author in Tehran. 218 primary school children (7 years old) have participated in this study. They have been examined for caries risk factors in three stages: 1- By a questionnaire for personal and socio demographic information. 2- Bite wing radiography to diagnosis the incipient proximal caries. 3- Dental examination of the student. Results of the research showed 34 person (15.6%) were high-risk, 63 person were low-risk and 121 person (55.5%) were moderate risk. Some of the caries risk factor have been also evaluated.